Invited perspectives: Managed realignment as a solution to mitigate coastal flood risks – optimizing success through knowledge co-production

Abstract. Nature-based solutions are increasingly suggested for mitigating coastal flood risks in the face of climate change. Managed realignment (MR), a adaptation strategy that entails landward defences to restore habitats (often salt marshes), plays pivotal role implementing nature-based zone. Across Europe, more than 130 sites have been implemented so far, often harness their potential mitigate while restoring (ABPmer, 2021). However, local communities oppose MR projects, not only because they seen as returning hard-won land sea but also protection function is less trusted traditional hard engineering techniques. This scepticism has foundation. The proclaimed MRs based on broad body literature protective natural marshes. contrary marshes, semi-enclosed tidal basins with narrow breaches open sea/estuary. Recent studies indicate MR-internal hydrodynamics may significantly reduce protection, depending design. To successfully implement MR, much-improved scientific knowledge base needed, well process addressing community concerns and genuinely engaging stakeholders decision-making beyond usual obligatory consultancy approach. Here, we propose co-production optimize success promote acceptance.